Journal of Management Science Research and Contemporary Issues (JMSRCI)
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EFFECT OF FIRM ATTRIBUTES ON CORPORATE REPORTING LAG AMONG LISTED INDUSTRIAL GOODS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
The study examined the effect of firm attributes on corporate reporting lag (CRL) among listed industrial goods firms in Nigeria. Adopting a descriptive ex-post facto research design, the study population comprised thirteen (13) industrial goods companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 2024. A purposive sampling technique was employed, and data were collected from annual reports over a ten-year period (2015–2024). Secondary data were sourced from the annual reports of selected firms and analyzed using regression techniques to evaluate the effects of the identified variables on reporting timeliness. Using multiple regression analysis, the findings indicate that profitability significantly increases corporate reporting lag, suggesting that firms with higher earnings are more likely to delay the release of their financial statements. In addition, firm age was found to have a strong positive effect on reporting lag, implying that older firms tend to publish their financial reports less promptly. On the other hand, leverage and firm size both exhibited negative but insignificant effects, meaning that highly leveraged firms and larger firms are not necessarily associated with quicker reporting. The overall results highlight that firm characteristics, particularly profitability and age, are critical drivers of reporting delays in the Nigerian context. The study concludes that regulators should strengthen monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to ensure timely disclosure, while firms should adopt modern reporting strategies and digital disclosure platforms to minimize delays and improve the quality of financial communication.
Effect of Outsourcing Strategies on the Organizational Performance of Fast-Food Industries in Lokoja Metropolis
This study examined effect of Outsourcing Strategies on the Organizational Performance of Fast Food Industries in Lokoja Metropolis (A case study of six selected fast food). The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of outsourcing strategies on the organizational performance of fast-food industry, in Lokoja metropolis. The hypothesis tested is in correlation with the research objectives and the questions. The research adopted structure form of questioning in designing the questionnaire, options were provided for the respondent to choose from. The researcher made use of both primary and secondary source of data collection. The study found that cost was the first most important driver for outsourcing in the company. The study findings revealed that the second most important driving force for outsourcing strategy was innovation and finally, the study found that the need to focus on core competencies was a major reason why the company chose to outsource some of its activities. Firm should adopt strategic and well thought out outsourcing partnership in order to continuously reduce operating cost for growth, businesses should carefully consider their outsourcing strategies to ensure that while outsourcing helps in new innovations, the cost is controlled and core activities are never outsourced.
MODERATING EFFECT OF FIRM SIZE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDIT CHARACTERISTICS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the moderating effect of firm size on the relationship between various audit characteristics and the financial performance of listed non-financial companies in Nigeria. Drawing on secondary data from 88 firms over a period from 2015 to 2024, the study utilized a longitudinal panel design and employed fixed-effects regression to analyze the data. Financial performance was measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The findings indicate a significant positive impact of both Audit Independence (AI) and Audit Financial Expertise (AFE) on ROA. Notably, the positive influence of financial expertise is amplified in larger firms, as shown by a significant interaction term (AFE*FS). This finding supports the notion that larger firms are better equipped to leverage audit expertise to enhance profitability, aligning with the resource-based view and providing a more nuanced perspective on prior studies that omitted this moderating effect. Conversely, the study reveals that Audit Size (AS) and Audit Gender Diversity (AGD) have no significant impact on ROA. Most strikingly, Audit Quality (AQ) is negatively correlated with ROA, a finding that contradicts some prior research but supports the view that in institutional environments like Nigeria, high audit quality may be associated with firms facing greater challenges, thus leading to lower profitability. The model as a whole explains 47% of the variance in ROA. The results suggest that policymakers, regulators, and corporate boards should prioritize strengthening auditor independence and financial expertise, particularly in larger firms. The study also cautions against the assumption that a larger audit firm or high perceived audit quality will automatically lead to improved financial performance. The findings highlight the importance of considering firm-specific and contextual factors when assessing the effectiveness of audit practices in emerging economies.
effect of related party transaction on firm value of listed industrial firms in Nigeria
This study investigates the effect of related-party transactions on the value of listed industrial firms in Nigeria between 2015 and 2024. Related-party transactions comprising loans and advances, borrowings, sales, asset disposals, and loan guarantees play a crucial role in corporate financing and operational efficiency, yet their impact on firm value is varied and context-dependent. Using a longitudinal research design, the study analyses panel data from thirteen industrial firms that remained continuously listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange during the study period. The Fixed Effects panel regression model, complemented by diagnostic tests, is employed to account for firm-specific characteristics and isolate the effects of different types of related-party transactions on firm value, measured by Tobin’s Q. The results indicate that loans and advances, sales, and loan guarantees to related parties positively affect firm value, suggesting that well-managed intra-group transactions enhance liquidity, operational performance, and investor confidence. Conversely, borrowings from related parties and losses from the disposal of assets to related entities are negatively associated with firm value, highlighting the potential risks of overreliance and opportunistic behaviour. These findings underscore that the impact of related-party transactions is contingent on their type and governance. The study concludes that firms can increase shareholder wealth by strategically managing related-party transactions, promoting transparency, and strengthening internal controls. Regulators and policymakers are encouraged to monitor these transactions to prevent misuse and support practices that enhance firm performance. By providing empirical evidence from the Nigerian industrial sector, the study contributes to the understanding of how related-party transactions influence firm valuation.
ROLE OF MARKETING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY, NIKE ART GALLERY IN LAGOS STATE
Marketing has been very useful in pulling customers to an organization from different quarters. It has been engaged to sensitize new customers and update existing customers of the products and services of an organization. This is the era of digital innovation and development, which has been deployed by different businesses inclusive of the tourism and hospitality business. This study examined the role of marketing in the development of Nike art gallery as a tourism business. The study adopted a quantitative research design. Data were collected from respondents with the aid of questionnaires. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that Nike art gallery has actively engaged social media for marketing, public relations, marketing collaboration, advertising, amongst others. The engaged marketing strategies by Nike art gallery have been very effective, the most prominent importance of these strategies is the fact that the strategies have been very helpful in attracting visitors to the gallery followed by the fact that it has helped in distinguishing Nike Art Gallery from other destinations, enhancing the local and international reach of Nike Art Gallery. Engaged marketing strategies have resulted into the substantive development of Nike art gallery. It is recommended that Nike art gallery should explore influencer marketing by engaging social media influencers in a bid to reach wider audience.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON VISITOR PERCEPTION IN AGODI GARDEN IBADAN, OYO STATE
Social media applications are internet driven applications that allow people in different locations to connect with each other and share information amongst themselves. This century has experienced the innovation and development of different social media applications. They are engaged by different demographics for different reasons such as leisure, news, professional connection, social connection and so on. Common social media applications include facebook, ‘X’ formerly called twitter, Instagram amongst others. Agodi gardens is situated very close to Oyo State Secretariat’s complex. The sample size for this study is 270 respondents as determined using cochran's formula. Therefore, questionnaire was administered to two hundred and seventy (270) respondents based on convenience sampling approach. Collected questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation). This study examined the influence of social media on visitor’s perception at Agodi gardens, Ibadan. The objectives engaged were; examine type of social media used by the tourists and examine the information about Agodi garden retrieved by the tourists via social media. It is evident that prospective tourists collect impressive information about Agodi gardens from social media applications, specifically, facebook, Instagram, snapchat and ‘X’ formerly called twitter. There is therefore no doubt that social media has been significantly helpful to Agodi gardens, especially with respect to the fact that it has helped to provide information about tourist inflow to Agodi Gardens and it has helped in providing pertinent information about the facilities at the gardens to prospective tourists.
DISAGGREGATED PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
The study examined the effect of disaggregated public expenditure specifically government expenditure on education and infrastructure on economic growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2020. Despite successive fiscal reforms, Nigeria continues to grapple with slow economic growth, infrastructural gaps, and underfunded education, raising concerns over the effectiveness of public spending in driving long-term development. The study employed time series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests, and econometric estimations were used to examine the relationship between education expenditure, infrastructure expenditure, and economic growth (proxied by real GDP). The results revealed that expenditure on education has a positive but statistically weak effect on economic growth, reflecting underinvestment, poor fund utilization, and systemic inefficiencies in Nigeria’s education sector. In contrast, infrastructure expenditure was found to exert a significant positive influence on economic growth, underscoring its critical role in enhancing productivity, promoting trade, and attracting investment. These findings suggest that while both components of public expenditure are growth-enhancing, infrastructure spending has a more immediate and robust effect on economic performance than education expenditure. The study concludes that the government should strengthen fiscal policies that prioritize infrastructural development while ensuring effective and transparent allocation to the education sector. Recommendations include increased budgetary allocation to education, coupled with reforms to curb leakages, and sustained infrastructural investment to stimulate inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
INFLUENCE OF CLASSROOM SPACE ON SOCIO-EMOTIONAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN (6-11) YEARS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
study examined the influence of classroom space on socio-emotional and cognitive development of children aged 6-11 years in public primary schools in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was employed with 200 pupils selected through purposive sampling from five randomly selected public primary schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and chi-square statistics at 1% significance level. Findings revealed that pupils lacked adequate classroom space (M = 3.29), with significant negative influences on socio-emotional development (M = 3.20) and cognitive development (M = 3.22). Chi-square tests revealed significant relationships between classroom space and both socio-emotional (χ² = 15.42, p < 0.01) and cognitive development (χ² = 18.67, p < 0.01). The study concluded that inadequate classroom space significantly impairs both socio-emotional and cognitive development of primary school children. Policymakers and educational stakeholders must therefore prioritize infrastructural improvement through targeted funding, adherence to UNESCO’s (2022) post-pandemic space standards, and continuous monitoring by agencies such as BEQA. Recommendations include policy interventions for improved classroom infrastructure and adherence to international space standards. While infrastructure is being improved, schools should adopt flexible scheduling strategies, such as double shifts, to reduce overcrowding. Teachers should also receive training in managing large class sizes to maintain effective learning conditions.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF FARMERS AND HERDSMEN CONFLICT ON HOUSEHOLDS IN TAKUM LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
This study assessed the socio-economic implications of farmers and herdsmen conflicts on household in Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State. A total of one hundred and thirty three (133) respondents (farmers, herdsmen, traders, community leaders and local government officials) were selected through purposive and simple random sampling methods respectively. A self-developed instrument titled “Socio-Economic Implication of Farmers ad Herdsmen Conflict on Household (SETFHCH) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used in the analysis of data. The findings of the study revealed social implication of conflict as brought insecurity and threat of live and property, unity and bonds that existed between families of farmers and herdsmen has been disrupted as families and communities members finds it difficult to unit and hold meeting. Herdsmen and farmers experience family and marriage breakdown due to conflicts. The study also revealed economic implication of this conflicts to include youth lost of farming and rearing employment, massive migration of families, customers/visitors relocating business to safe places, prices of farm produce and meat went high. The findings on the conflict resolution strategies suggested, that teaching through religious bodies, government mediation through peaceful dialogue and deployment of more security agent to the area. The study concludes that urgent measures like implementation of land use policy to address land use in the study area be adopted by the government. Local government officials and other stakeholders involved in conflict management to create more awareness on the importance of peaceful co-existence and respect of human rights and properties. From the findings of the research, the following recommendations were made: government adoption of new conflict resolution strategies such as implementation of land use policy, dialogue between farmers and herders and proper awareness/orientation by educating communities on the importance of peaceful co-existence and respect to human rights and properties. These can be achieve through religious institutions in the area. To this end, socio-economic development in the study will be possible. Keywords: Socio-Economic, Conflict, Household, implication, Herders, Farmers.
PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND SERVICE DELIVERY QUALITY OF PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA’S NORTH-EASTERN REGION: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY
This study investigated the impact of Public Financial Management (PFM) practices on the quality-of-service delivery in public health institutions across Nigeria’s North-East geopolitical zone, with a particular focus on the moderating role of public accountability. Anchored in stewardship theory, systems theory, and New Public Management theory, the study employed structural equation modelling to test the relationships among revenue mobilization, budget practices, auditing, regulatory frameworks, and financial reporting, alongside their interactions with public accountability. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between revenue mobilization and service delivery quality, indicating that effective revenue collection mechanisms enhance institutional capacity. In contrast, budget practices showed no significant effect, highlighting implementation gaps and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Surprisingly, auditing exhibited a significant negative effect, suggesting that overly punitive audit systems may hinder service innovation. Regulatory frameworks also showed a negative and insignificant relationship with service delivery, underscoring the ineffectiveness of outdated or weakly enforced regulations. Conversely, financial reporting demonstrated a strong positive effect on service delivery quality, emphasizing the value of transparency in planning and resource mobilization. The moderating effects of public accountability were mixed. It positively enhanced the relationship between revenue mobilization and service delivery, but had a negative and insignificant moderation on budget practices. Accountability marginally improved the impact of auditing, while its moderation on regulatory frameworks was insignificant and negative. Notably, public accountability significantly and negatively moderated financial reporting, suggesting that increased scrutiny can reveal inefficiencies, initially dampening service performance. The study concluded that there is a complex interplay between financial governance mechanisms and accountability in shaping service delivery outcomes. Therefore, the study recommended that public health institutions should adopt digital revenue collection systems and improve transparency to ensure funds are efficiently used for service enhancement.
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF FEDERAL HOUSING AUTHORITY (FHA) IN HOUSING PROVISION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT) ABUJA, NIGERIA
This study assessed the Federal Housing Authority’s (FHA) effectiveness in meeting its housing mandate and promoting environmental sustainability in Abuja’s Federal Capital Territory. Using descriptive research design and convergent mixed-methods design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches, data collected from 116 FHA residents and key stakeholders identified financial constraints and administrative bottlenecks as major barriers to housing delivery, further hindered by political interference, weak supervision, and limited institutional capacity. While plumbing, ventilation, and drainage systems were generally satisfactory, notable deficiencies were found in water supply, electricity, lighting, spacing, and road access. Respondents demonstrated growing awareness of sustainable building practices, including the use of eco-friendly and durable materials. Although support for energy efficiency was high, implementation was limited due to costs and policy gaps. Water conservation measures such as wastewater recycling were viewed positively, but rainwater harvesting and comprehensive recycling were uncommon. Recognition of green spaces and sustainable urban planning was moderate, showing that ecological concerns remain secondary. Awareness of environmental impact assessments and climate-resilient housing was low, reflecting gaps in integrating sustainability. The study found no statistically significant relationship (p = 0.153 > 0.05) between housing needs and houses provided, suggesting housing development has not substantially increased in Abuja over time. It recommends strengthening financial management, improving administrative efficiency, adopting sustainable construction principles, and fostering a maintenance culture to achieve resilient, environmentally sustainable housing in Abuja.
MODERATING EFFECT OF BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPERATIONAL AND LIQUIDITY RISK DISCLOSURE ON VALUE OF LISTED FINANCIAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
The study examined the moderating effect of board gender diversity on the relationship between operational and liquidity risk disclosure and value of listed financial companies in Nigeria from 2014 to 2023. Utilizing a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, data was collected from 540 firm-year observations, covering operational risk disclosure, liquidity risk disclosure, and board gender diversity attribute. The findings indicate that board gender diversity significantly moderates the relationship between operational risk disclosure and firm value, enhancing firm performance. However, board gender diversity negatively moderates the relationship between liquidity risk disclosure and firm value, suggesting complexities in how diverse boards manage liquidity risk communications. The study concludes that board gender diversity plays a significant role in influencing how risk disclosures affect firm value. Specifically, while board gender diversity positively moderates the relationship between operational risk disclosure and firm value, it has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between liquidity risk disclosure and firm value. Therefore, the study recommends that to leverage the benefits of board gender diversity effectively, firms should invest in training programs that equip board members with the necessary skills to communicate risk disclosures clearly. These programs should emphasize effective decision-making processes and the importance of cohesive communication strategies, particularly in relation to liquidity risk management.
EFFECT OF BOARD ATTRIBUTE ON PROFITABILITY OF QUOTED FINANCIAL SERVICE FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Corporate governance practices over the years, especially in the Nigerian financial services firms have come under a sharp focus as a topic for investigation, both by regulators and researchers. This is because, despite the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) control measures in the Nigerian financial service firms, the industry still shows symptoms of financial instability which affect profitability. The main objective of this research work is to examine the effect of board attribute on profitability of quoted financial services firms in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of 43 financial services firms listed in the Nigeria exchange group before 31st December 2024.The period covered in this research is 2014 - 2023, purposive sampling was employed in arriving at the 34 sample size of the study. The study adopts an ex-post facto and correlational research design, and data used were generated from annual reports of the financial services firms for the period of ten years from 2014 to 2023. Ordinary least square regression models were employed to analyze data obtained. The findings of the study revealed that board gender diversity (BGD) exhibits a positive and significant influence on ROA. This indicates that gender diverse boards contribute meaningfully to firm performance, supporting the view that inclusion of women enhances board effectiveness and decision quality. Based on the findings, the study recommends, that firms are strongly encouraged to intentionally recruit more qualified women to serve on boards, Regulators (e.g., SEC, CBN) may consider setting gender diversity guidelines or quotas to ensure inclusivity and diverse perspectives at the board level.
EFFECT OF TAX ADMINISTRATION ON SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TARABA STATE: A STUDY OF JALINGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
The thrust of this study is to examine the effect of tax administration on socioeconomic development in Taraba state with a focus on Jalingo local government, a senatorial zone marked by ethno-religious diversity, high poverty, and infrastructural deficits. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research examines how inefficiencies in tax administration, such as weak compliance mechanisms and limited technological adoption, hinder revenue mobilization and constrain socioeconomic progress in areas like education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Data from surveys, interviews, and secondary sources reveal that Taraba’s local governments rely heavily on federal allocations, with internally generated revenue (IGR) contributing less than 10% to total revenue. The 2024 Nigeria Tax Reform Bills, which increase the VAT share for local governments to 35%, offer potential for enhanced revenue, but face challenges from administrative weaknesses and regional disparities Recommendations include adopting digital tax systems, enhancing administrative capacity, and fostering community engagement to improve tax compliance and fund sustainable development. It was recommended among others that to strengthen the weak positive link between tax revenue and infrastructure spending, Taraba State should implement stricter fiscal discipline and allocate a fixed percentage of tax revenue directly to capital projects.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN BASSA LGA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior of secondary school teachers in Bassa LGA, Plateau State. The study adopted Descriptive research design, stratified random sampling was applied and data was collected from three hundred and forty-four (344) staff using a structured questionnaire. The research hypotheses were tested using SMARTPLS/SEM 4.0.1. The study observed that organizational justice has a statistically significant relationship with organizational citizenship behavior of teachers. The research data collected in relation to the organizational justice was tested thus aggregately show that organizational justice positively and significantly relate to the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior (Individual and organizational Level OCB). The study concluded that organizational justice enhances organizational citizenship behaviour. The study contributes to the theory by giving perception of fairness through which organizations can reciprocate in order to enhance citizenship behaviours among employees. To foster organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among teachers and staff in secondary schools, school administrators should prioritize building a culture of fairness across all dimensions of organizational justice distributive, procedural, and interactional.
EFFECT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF FARO WATER COMPANY IN YOLA ADAMAWA STATE NIGERIA
This study investigate the effect of strategic management on performance of Faro Water Company in Yola Adamawa State Nigeria. The research used strategic planning, strategic formulation, strategic implementation and strategic evaluation as independent variables influencing Faro Water performance. The study employed a survey research design. The population of the study is 192 employees and Taro Yamane simple size formula was used to get a sample size of respondents from the population of the study and 102 was determined as the sample size according. Therefore, one hundred and two (102) questionnaires were administered to the respondents, and only 100 were returned. The data collected and hypothesis was analyzed using SPSS. The findings showed that strategic planning, strategic formulation and strategic implementation have a positive significant relationship with Faro water performance. Best on finding, the study recommends that Faro Water Company in Yola Adamawa State Nigeria should encourage employees’ involvement in decision making since this will allow people to devote more of their resources to projects that will improve performance.
EFFECT OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN FEDERAL INLAND REVENUE SERVICE JALINGO, TARABA STATE
This study investigated the effect of conflict management strategy on employee performance of Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State. The specific objectives were to: determine the effect of collaboration on employees’ performance in Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State, ascertain the effect of compromise on employees’ performance in Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State and examine the effect of avoidance on employee’s performance in Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State. The research utilized survey research design. The population of the study was 82 senior and management employees of Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State. The data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using and Z-score statistical analysis in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that: Collaboration, Compromise and Avoidance strategies had a positive significant effect on employees’ performance of Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State. The study concluded that conflict management strategy had positive significant effect on employee performance of Federal Inland Revenue Service, Jalingo Taraba State. The study recommended among others that there was a need to continuously educate the workforce on the best way to channel their grievances, to ensure that the employees did not take laws into their hands.
EFFECT OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NORTH EAST NIGERIA
The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of business environment on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in North East. Survey research design was adopted. The population of the study was 2176 registered Small and medium Enterprises of tree States in North East Nigeria and sample size of 327 was determined using Kerjcie and Morgan 1970 sample size determination. The instrument used for data collections was structured questionnaire. The study collected data from SMEs in Adamawa, Gombe, and Borno State with a total of 357 copies of questionnaires distributed to the respondents and 270 were properly filled and returned. The data collated were analysed using inferential statistics Percentages, frequency, table, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive aspects of the data. Multiple regression analysis and hypotheses testing were conducted to determine the effect of business environment on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in North East. Findings show that technological, environmental and legal factors, have significant and positive effect on the SMEs performance in the North East Nigeria. Therefore, it was concluded that business environment accounts for the variation in SMEs performance. Thus, it was recommended that SMEs owners should adopt sustainability strategies in studding and dealing with business environment in order to increase the benefits of environmental factors in their business operation
INTERPLAY OF MACRO-ECONOMIC POLICIES AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Macro-economies encompass aggregate such as total employment, national income, national output, total investment, consumption, savings, general price level, wage level and cost structures while macroeconomics policies are designed to proffer solution to the problems that might emanate from these aggregates. Monetary policy is one of the tools that is used to achieve this through the financial institutions of a country. In Nigeria, Cashless policy was formulated over two decades ago in order to ensure sound financial system and economic stability but yet to be fully implemented. As a result of the slow implementation of this policy, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) came up with directives to all the deposit money banks (DMBs) to go and decongest their banking halls. As part of the efforts of the regulatory authority to implement cashless policy and reduce cash in circulation, naira redesign was introduced during the last quarter of 2023 with 90–day ultimatum for Nigerians to deposit all their old currencies to their Bankers but the exercise was abortive. This paper focused on the monetary policy of the Federal government of Nigeria particularly the cashless policy and the extent of its implementation since its formulation in 2012. The data used are purely secondary data from Central bank of Nigeria websites, extant literatures, Bulletins, Journals and Newspapers. The result showed that the policy is gradually yielding desired results despite its slow implementation as the economy has begun to witness ease of doing business, digital payment system, financial inclusion of the underserved, job creation etc. As of 2024, 36% of adult were financially excluded, an improvement upon what it used to be in the previous years.
information and communication Technology (ICT)
EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN TARABA STATE UNIVERSITY JALINGO, NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of employee empowerment on organizational performance in Taraba State University Jalingo, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to evaluate the effect of employee delegation and the effect of employee engagement on organisational performance The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. The sample size for the study was 384 determined with the aid of Cochran formula for determining sample size from unknown populations. A well-structured close-ended questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The study utilized multiple regression technique to analyse the data collected. The study found that the both employee delegation and employee engagement have statistically significant effect on organizational performance. Therefore, the study concluded that employee empowerment is a predictor of performance in the organisation. Based on the finding, the study recommended that the Management of Taraba State University should institutionalize structured delegation practices that empower staff to make decisions, supported by training for leaders to avoid micromanagement and promote accountability, innovation, and ownership for improved organisational results. Secondly, regarding employee engagement, the university should foster a motivating work environment through employee involvement, recognition, and growth opportunities, thereby enhancing commitment, engagement, and overall institutional performance.
EFFECT OF GREEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON THE ECONOMIC POTENTIALS OF JALINGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE
Green entrepreneurship has gained global attention as a strategy for balancing economic development with environmental sustainability. This study examines the effect of green entrepreneurship on the economic potentials of Jalingo Local Government Area (LGA) in Taraba State, Nigeria. The research focuses on three key dimensions of green entrepreneurship: initiatives, innovation, and inclination, exploring their effect on the economic potentials of Jalingo LGA. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 399 business owners to assess the effect of green entrepreneurship practices in driving economic transformation. Findings indicate that green entrepreneurial initiatives, innovation, and inclination significantly contribute to enhancing the economic potentials of Jalingo LGA by fostering job creation, business competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. Consequently, the study concludes that green entrepreneurship has statistically significant effect on economic potentials and as such the study recommends that the government of Taraba State, business owners and policy formulators in the society should formulate and provide policy interventions, financial incentives, and create awareness programs to encourage green entrepreneurship, thereby unlocking the region's economic potential while promoting environmental conservation.
EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN TARABA STATE POLYTECHNIC, SUNTAI.
This study examined the effect of Motivation on Employee Performance in Taraba State Polytechnic, Suntai. Specifically, the study investigated how promotion and the work environment effect employee performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with a sample size of 265 staff selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive such as mean, standard deviations and multiple regression. The findings revealed that lack of timely and transparent promotion significantly demotivated employees and contributed to reduced job commitment and productivity. Furthermore, the physical and psychological conditions of the work environment, including inadequate lighting, poor ventilation, lack of ergonomic furniture, and minimal employee involvement in decision-making, negatively impacted staff morale and performance. The study concluded that employee motivation is a key determinant of performance, and both tangible incentives such as promotions and intangible factors like a conducive work environment must be addressed to improve institutional productivity. The study recommended that the Polytechnic management implement a transparent, performance-based promotion system and create a healthy and motivating work environment through better infrastructure and inclusive policies. These measures are crucial for enhancing employee satisfaction, efficiency, and long-term organisational success.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN CAMPS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Internal Displacement is one of the greatest tragedies of our time. The study assessed the living conditions of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in five recognized IDPs Camps in Kaduna Central and Kaduna South Local Government Area(LGA), Gwagwada in Chukun LGA, L.E.A primary school in Maraban Kajuru LGA; Birnin Yaro in Igabi LGA, Zonkwa “mercy camp”in Zango kataf LGA and ECWA widow training school Samaru Kataf in Zango Kataf LGA camps in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study presents the demographic characteristics of the IDPs and examined the causes of their displacement. It also examines the physical nature of the camps, as well as identified the nature of support and health provisions for them. Data was generated through the administration of 520 questionnaires to IDPs, in-depth interviews, observation and photography. The questionnaire data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, mean and ranking. The results show that while females dominated the camps, communal conflict was the main cause of displacement, while banditry and farmer herders conflict were other major causes of displacement. Displaced persons were youths within productive age; mostly students, farmers and a few Local Government civil servants. Also, over 95% of IDPs practiced Christianity indicating that most were from Christian dominated areas of the state. Water was a major challenge in the camps and affected the quality of toilet facilities in the camps and sanitation practices. Cholera and diarrhea were major health issues plaguing the camps; emphasizing the need for proper sanitation and hygiene, especially as it concerns food safety. Also IDPs occasionally received clothing, food items, matrasses, buckets, toiletries and money as assistance from Non- Governmental Organization(NGOs) which include: Christian Aid, JNI, Resilient Aid and Dialogue Initiative (RADi), Southern Kaduna People’s Union (SOKAPU); government through Kaduna State Emergency Management Agency and National Emergency Management Agency KADSEMA/NEMA, National Commission for Refugees, NIMASA; and religious groups including the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), as well as individual Church groups. Nonetheless, respondents reported inadequacy of support received as they were occasional while some may have been diverted. Internally displaced persons also experienced trauma and psychological breakdown due to loss of family ties and sources of livelihood, denial of fundamental human rights, and discrimination by host communities. It is recommended that the government should develop and implement responsive legal and budgetary frameworks that are flexible for the social development of internally displaced persons in Kaduna State, with special camps built with facilities in anticipation of internal displacement or similar challenges. Also, deliberate attempts should be taken to create pathways for peace while proper mechanisms should be established to ensure that assistance gets to IDPs who need them.
EFFECT OF AUDIT QUALITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS
The increasing occurrence of audit failures globally has led to significant disappointment among investors and other stakeholders in corporate financial reporting. In Nigeria, the subpar financial performance of many corporations, particularly in the banking sector, has similarly been attributed to issues related to audit quality. This study seeks to investigate the impact of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was employed, as it is most appropriate for studies that explore causal relationships using historical data. While all the deposit money banks listed on Nigeria exchange Group as at January, 2022 were used as the population of the study, judgmental non-probability method of sample size determination was used. In view of this, thirteen (13) deposit money banks listed on the floor of Nigeria Exchange Group were selected. The study focused on a sample of 13 listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, covering a five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 21. The findings reveal that audit firm size has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the listed banks. Likewise, audit firm independence also shows a positive and significant influence on audit quality and, consequently, on financial performance. Conversely, audit tenure demonstrates a negative and statistically insignificant effect on audit quality and financial performance. In conclusion, the study establishes that audit quality significantly affects the financial performance of the sampled listed deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Purpose – This study investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1989–2024, focusing on how government expenditure, taxation, corruption, and inflation interact to shape macroeconomic performance. Design/methodology/approach – The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to analyze both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. Data were sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI) and Transparency International. Unit root and bounds tests were conducted to ensure model stability and confirm the presence of cointegration. Findings – The results reveal that government expenditure and taxation exert positive and significant long-run effects on economic growth, while corruption and inflation hinder performance. In the short run, recurrent expenditure and inflation negatively influence growth, underscoring the importance of fiscal efficiency and stability. Practical implications – Fiscal policy should emphasize expenditure quality, efficient tax administration, and anti-corruption measures to enhance economic performance. Policymakers should redirect spending toward capital projects and strengthen institutional frameworks to sustain growth. Originality/value – Unlike previous studies that examine fiscal policy in isolation, this study integrates revenue, expenditure, and institutional factors into a unified empirical framework, offering a contemporary perspective on Nigeria’s fiscal–growth nexus.
POLICY MEASURES FOR MITIGATING COVID-19 INDUCED JOB LOSSES IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW
Swift response and well aligned interventions are generally regarded as imperatives for mitigating the effects of crises on the vulnerable. Sequel to the foregoing, this paper examines Nigeria’s policy measures used to alleviate job losses during the COVID-19 crises. Specific focus was on identifying policy tools employed, timeliness of implementation and equitable distribution (i.e. consideration for women youths and people with disabilities) using policy design and crisis management theoretical lenses. Secondary data, comprised of Nigerian Economic Sustainability Plan [NESP] (2020) document, relevant reports books, and articles. Content analysis and thematic approach were used to analyse and present results. Findings suggests the NESP emphasizes private sector targeted policy interventions comprised of incentives, regulations, and direct provision of goods and services as policy tools. Timing of relief delivery varied for different policies. Monetary and fiscal policy were substantially implemented promptly, but real sector measures recorded delays. Equity was largely ignored in most interventions and there are reports alleging poor transparency in the disbursement. The paper concludes that using equity-focused standards and rapid-response strategies can help Nigeria deliver swift and inclusive interventions that protect vulnerable populations against future shocks. Hence, the study recommends mainstreaming equity in policy design through integrating equity criteria (gender, youths, disability, geographic balance demographic criteria) as mandatory component of all future economic palliatives; improving transparency and accountability in disbursement processes through publishing of disbursement data and; civil society empowerment to track funds release and implementation.
UNETHICAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY OF LISTED INSURANCE COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the effect of unethical accounting practices on the financial reporting quality of listed insurance companies in Nigeria over the period 2015 to 2024. The specific objectives are to evaluate the effect of related party transactions, tax evasion, and non-compliance with financial reporting standards on the financial reporting quality of the firms. The study adopts an ex-post facto research design, which is suitable for analyzing past events without manipulating the variables involved. The entire population of 23 listed insurance companies in Nigeria was used as the sample for the study, applying a census approach. Secondary data were collected and analyzed using panel data regression techniques after conducting relevant diagnostic and specification tests. The findings reveal that related party transactions, tax evasion, and non compliance with financial reporting standards each have a significant adverse effect on financial reporting quality. Based on the findings, the study recommends that insurance companies should establish robust internal control systems to monitor and transparently disclose related party transactions, strengthen compliance with tax regulations through training and sanctions, and ensure adherence to financial reporting standards by engaging qualified accounting professionals and maintaining continuous professional development programs.
Non-Compliance with Financial Reporting Standards
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRICYCLE AS A MEANS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN URBAN KATSINA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
This study assessed the effectiveness of tricycles as a means of public transportation in urban Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the busiest tricycle terminals within the urban area. A total of 171 questionnaires were systematically administered to registered tricycle operators, while 342 questionnaires were purposively distributed to tricycle users. The data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The findings indicated that safety, reliability, accessibility, comfort, and efficiency are the most significant service quality attributes associated with tricycle transportation in urban Katsina. Additionally, the study identified overloading and low carrying capacity as the primary challenges faced by tricycle users. Based on these findings, the study recommends that regulatory bodies, such as the Katsina State Safety and Road Traffic Authority (KASROTA) and the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), should enforce appropriate sanctions on tricycle operators who violate safety regulations, particularly those involved in overloading. Penalties could include monetary fines or temporary seizure of the vehicle for a minimum of one week, to serve as a deterrent to others. Furthermore, the study suggests that the current capacity of tricycles should be upgraded to accommodate a higher number of passengers. An increase in the number of tricycles available is also recommended to enhance the overall effectiveness and efficiency of this mode of transportation within the study area.
THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS TO STAFF PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATION; A STUDY OF MAMBILA BEVERAGES NIGERIA LIMITED
Motivation is not totally a new concept in organizational operations, as it is being practice by management since time immemorial even without the understanding of the employee or the employer of its impacts on the individual and the overall organizational performance. However, very few studies if any have been conducted on the impact of motivation on the staff performance of the Mambila Beverages Nigeria Limited, and this is because most studies on motivation focuses more on private company jobs than on public enterprises, thereby believing that only employees of private organizations ought to be motivated. This limitation of excluding the staff of public enterprise such as Mambila Beverages Nigeria Limited from the list of employees needing motivation, is what this study intend to bridge, by examining the impact of motivation on the staff performance of the organization. Survey design was adopted in achieving the objective of the study, by utilizing primary sources of data collection, specifically 126 copies of questionnaire were distributed, collected, and analyzed using quantitative research method, where tools such as tables, bar chart and other diagrams depicting frequency of occurrence and statistics for indices comparisons between variables were used in interpreting the data collected. The result reveals that management needs to provide the employees with extrinsic motivational factor, while, the staffs on their own can be motivated to perform more, if management allows them to employ intrinsic factors in getting their official assignment done. It therefore, concludes that management should combine both factors in eliciting performance.
Effect of Ownership Structure on audit quality among listed deposit money banks (DMB’S) in Nigeria
Audit quality is getting very important due to the role of an auditor in improving the quality and trustworthiness of financial reports. Therefore, studying of audit quality and its determinants has captured the attention of researchers, especially those in Nigeria. This study examined the effect of institutional shareholding, ownership concentration and managerial ownership on audit quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria exchange group (NGX). The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports of sample banks for the period 2013 to 2022. The logistic regression technique was used for data analyses and test the hypotheses with the aid of STATA. The results show a positive significant effect of institutional shareholding, ownership concentration and managerial ownership on audit quality. The study concluded that institutional shareholding and ownership concentration are significant determinants of audit quality of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that deposit money banks in Nigeria should take advantage of this positive effect of this monitoring attribute on audit quality by maintaining a higher ratio of institutional ownership as well as block-holders, in order to enhance their monitoring and have a high-quality audit.